Big box stores are larger stores compared to discount stores, and are for big businesses . A few examples of big box stores are WAL-MART Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (NYSE: WMT) is an American public corporation that runs a chain of large discount department stores and a chain of warehouse stores. In 2010 it was the world's largest public corporation by revenue, according to the Forbes Global 2000 for that year. The company was founded by Sam Walton in 1962, incorporated on October 31, 196 Supercenter, Costco Costco , is the largest membership warehouse club chain in the United States. As of July 2009[update] it is the third largest retailer in the United States and the ninth largest in the world. As of October 2007[update], Costco is the largest retailer of fine wine in the world and Sam's Club Sam's Club is a chain of membership-only retail warehouse clubs. Founded in 1983, it is owned and operated by Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., and is named after Walmart founder Sam Walton. As of January 31, 2009)[update], the Sam's Club chain operated in 48 of the 50 U.S. States, and, as of 2008[update], served more than 47 million U.S. members. Sam's Club.

Specifications of area

Big box stores have a large amount of space making it easier for owners to bring in bigger quantities of industrial goods. Definitions of the size of a "big box" retail store will vary from community to community. Commonly, anything above 50,000 square feet is classified as "big box."

Types

Big box stores can carry goods such as Home decor, Clothing, Jewelery, Books, Electronics,and food (eg.candy,poultry,vegetables etc.)

Criticism

Labor

Labor unions oppose big-box development because the employees of such stores are usually not unionized. Unions are especially concerned about the grocery market because stores such as Target Target Corporation, usually known simply as Target, is an American retailing company that was founded in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1902 as the Dayton Dry Goods Company. In 1962, the company opened its first Target store in nearby Roseville. The Target store concept grew and eventually became the largest division of Dayton Hudson Corporation,, Wal-Mart, and Kmart now sell groceries.^[1] Unions and cities are attempting to use land use ordinances to restrict these businesses.^[2]

Urban planning

Some cities and towns are worried about the economic impact of big-box retailers on existing downtown merchants or the sprawl-inducing impacts on character of such developments, as these stores are often associated with heavy traffic in the areas around the store locations. Some communities have adopted a higher level of architectural treatment and regulations to ensure that the superstores relate better to their environs and neighbors. Many already have regulations addressing signage and landscaping.

There are also concerns surrounding traffic and roads. The increased traffic leads to more air pollution in an area and higher taxes in order to maintain the roads.^[3]

Big box stores in various countries

France

Many configurations exist: the hypermarket In commerce, a hypermarket is a superstore which combines a supermarket and a department store. The result is a very large retail facility which carries an enormous range of products under one roof, including full lines of groceries and general merchandise. In theory, hypermarkets allow customers to satisfy all their routine weekly shopping needs that sells many kinds of goods under one roof (like French chains Carrefour, Auchan Auchan SA is a French international retail group and multinational corporation headquartered in Croix, France. It is one of the world's principal distribution groups with a presence in 12 countries and 175,000 employees, and E.Leclerc E.Leclerc is a French hypermarket chain, headquartered in Ivry-sur-Seine. The chain enables semi-independent stores to operate under the Leclerc brand), most of them are integrated within a shopping mall A shopping mall is one or more buildings forming a complex of shops representing merchandisers, with interconnecting walkways enabling visitors to easily walk from unit to unit, along with a parking area – a modern, indoor version of the traditional marketplace; the supermarket A supermarket, a form of grocery store, is a self-service store offering a wide variety of food and household merchandise, organized into departments. It is larger in size and has a wider selection than a traditional grocery store and it is smaller than a hypermarket or superstore that is a smaller version of a hypermarket; the market located in city centers; department stores which first appeared in Paris Paris ([paʁi] in French, pronounced /ˈpærɪs/ in English) is the capital and largest city of France. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region (or Paris Region, French: Région parisienne). The city of Paris, within its administrative limits largely unchanged since 1860, has an estimated, then some opened in other parts of the world; the superstore that mainly sells goods in a particular domain (automotive, electronics, home furniture, etc.); and warehouse stores.

Hong Kong

To contend against Carrefour Carrefour S.A. (French pronunciation: [kaʁfuʁ]) is a French international hypermarket chain. Headquartered in Levallois-Perret, France, Carrefour is the largest hypermarket chain in the world in terms of size, the second largest retail group in the world in terms of revenue and third largest in profit after Wal-Mart and Tesco. Carrefour operates, PARKnSHOP ParknShop is one of the two largest supermarket chains in Hong Kong, the other being Wellcome. ParknShop operates more than 260 outlets in Hong Kong, Macau, and Mainland China opened the first superstore in 1996. The concept of a wet market A wet market is generally an open food market. Some of the common names include "Cultural Markets", "traditional markets", "Gaai Si", "Gaai See" was applied to this store. The store emphasizes one-stop shopping. Today, PARKnSHOP has more than 50 superstores and megastores, making it the largest superstore network in Hong Kong Hong Kong[note 3] is one of two special administrative regions (SAR) of the People's Republic of China; the other is Macau. Situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of 1,104 km2 (426 sq mi) and a population of seven. The first Wellcome superstore was opened in 2000 and Welcome has only 17 superstores. CRC also has four superstores.

However, as Hong Kong is very densely populated, the sizes of superstores are smaller than in other countries. Some superstores are running at a loss (such as Chelsea Heights) and therefore stopped selling fresh fish A fish is any aquatic vertebrate animal that is covered with scales, and equipped with two sets of paired fins and several unpaired fins. Most fish are "cold-blooded", or ectothermic, allowing their body temperatures to vary as ambient temperatures change. Fish are abundant in most bodies of water. They can be found in nearly all aquatic. Also, the superstores are often crowded and some PARKnSHOP superstores and megastores include Fortress World, which belongs to the same corporation, Hutchison Whampoa Hutchison Whampoa Limited or HWL of Hong Kong is a Fortune 500 company and one of the largest companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. HWL is an international corporation with a diverse array of holdings which includes the world's biggest port and telecommunication operations in 14 countries and run under the 3 brand. Its business also.

United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland

In the UK and Ireland large warehouse style general merchandise stores along the lines of U.S. superstores are not a traditional part of the retail sector but in recent times shopping styles have changed. In Ireland, Dunnes Stores Dunnes is a supermarket and clothing retail chain, that is based in Dublin, Ireland have traditionally had a supermarket-plus-household-and-clothes model and now have some large stores as well as Tesco who now run upwards of 19 hypermarkets across the Republic. Some large-scale retailers are developing, e.g., Tesco Tesco plc is a global grocery and general merchandising retailer headquartered in Cheshunt, United Kingdom. It is the fourth largest retailer in the world measured by revenues and the second largest measured by profits Extra stores in the UK, and the largest branches of Asda Asda is a British supermarket chain which retails food, clothing, toys and general merchandise. It also has a mobile telephone network, Asda Mobile. It has its head office in the Asda House in Leeds, West Yorkshire, but these are supermarkets A supermarket, a form of grocery store, is a self-service store offering a wide variety of food and household merchandise, organized into departments. It is larger in size and has a wider selection than a traditional grocery store and it is smaller than a hypermarket or superstore which have evolved into hypermarkets In commerce, a hypermarket is a superstore which combines a supermarket and a department store. The result is a very large retail facility which carries an enormous range of products under one roof, including full lines of groceries and general merchandise. In theory, hypermarkets allow customers to satisfy all their routine weekly shopping needs selling a broader range of non-food goods. The term superstore is not much used in the UK or Ireland. When it is used, it may refer to a supermarket that is larger than a convenience store A convenience store is a small store or shop that sells items such as candy, ice-cream, soft drinks, lottery tickets, cigarettes and other tobacco products, newspapers and magazines, along with a selection of processed food and perhaps some groceries. Stores that are part of gas stations may also sell motor oil, windshield washer fluid, radiator but smaller than a hypermarket In commerce, a hypermarket is a superstore which combines a supermarket and a department store. The result is a very large retail facility which carries an enormous range of products under one roof, including full lines of groceries and general merchandise. In theory, hypermarkets allow customers to satisfy all their routine weekly shopping needs, but such establishments are nearly always referred to as "supermarkets" in practice, or simply as the name of the chain in question. It is also sometimes used by non-food retailers for stores which are larger than their normal store, in which case the meaning varies from company to company, but usually bears no resemblance to the U.S. definition. It is mainly used by downmarket In consumer theory, an inferior good is a good that decreases in demand when consumer income rises, unlike normal goods, for which the opposite is observed. Normal goods are those for which consumers' demand increases when their income increases. Inferiority, in this sense, is an observable fact relating to affordability rather than a statement retailers and confers little prestige.

As in the U.S., the term anchor store In retail an anchor store, draw tenant, anchor tenant, or key tenant, is one of the larger stores in a shopping mall, usually a department store or a major retail chain is used to denote a larger-than-normal branch of a chain store which is considered to draw a particularly large volume of custom to a shopping centre or retail park. Across Britain and Ireland, large-scale shopping malls on the edges of towns and cities, containing "hypermarket" anchor stores (e.g., large ASDA or Dunnes Stores) are increasingly popular, since the 1980s in the UK and the early 1990s in Ireland.

Canada

Apart from major American ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language big-box stores such as Wal-Mart Canada Walmart Canada is the Canadian unit of Wal-Mart and was founded in 1994 in Mississauga, Ontario with the purchase of the Canadian Woolco stores from Woolworth Canada, Home Depot The Home Depot is an American retailer of home improvement and construction products and services. The Home Depot operates 2,193 big-box format stores across the United States (including all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands and Guam), Canada (all ten provinces), Mexico and China. The Home Depot is and Lowe's Lowe's Companies, Inc. is a U.S.-based chain of retail home improvement and appliance stores. Founded in 1946 in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina, the chain now serves more than 14 million customers a week in its 1,710 stores in the United States and 16 in Canada. With the opening of the South Burlington, Vermont, location, Lowe's now operates, there are many retail chains operating exclusively in Canada. These include stores such as (combined with slashes by the owner) Zellers Zellers Inc. is Canada's second-largest chain of mass merchandise department stores, with 276 locations in communities across Canada. Zellers is headquartered in the city of Brampton, Ontario, near Toronto, and is a subsidiary of Hudson's Bay Company/Home Outfitters Home Outfitters is Canada's largest specialty superstore home goods chain, with 60 stores across the country selling bedding, towels, housewares, and other home accessories for the kitchen, bedroom, and bathroom. The first store opened in 1998 in the Toronto area, under the name Bed, Bath and More. Home Outfitters is a division of Hudson's Bay/The Bay The Bay is a chain of 92 fashion department stores that operate across parts of Canada. It is the main brand of Hudson's Bay Company , North America's oldest company. In French, the chain is known as la Baie, short for "Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson". The chain uses both the English and French versions of the name in some parts of the, Loblaws Loblaws is a supermarket chain with over 70 stores in Canada, headquartered in Brampton, with stores across Ontario and Quebec. Loblaws is a division of Loblaw Companies Limited, Canada's largest food distributor. Beginning in 2008, new and renovated Loblaws stores have been given a new store format and are named Loblaw Great Food and Loblaw/Real Canadian Superstore Real Canadian Superstore is a chain of hypermarkets owned by Canadian food retailing giant Loblaw Companies. Its name is often shortened to RCSS or Superstore, Rona Rona Inc. is a Canadian distributor and retailer of hardware, home improvement and gardening products. Rona was founded in 1939[citation needed]. Rona operates a network of some 680 stores and is the leading distributor and retailer in its market[citation needed] with more than 27,000 employees[citation needed]. The Rona network represents over 15, Winners Winners is a chain of off-price Canadian department stores owned by TJX Companies which also owns HomeSense. It offers brand name clothing, footwear, bedding, furniture, fine jewellery, beauty products, and housewares. According to an example in the Winners FAQ, an item selling there for $29.99 was made to sell for 20-60% more at a specialty or/Homesense HomeSense is a chain of off price home furnishing stores operated by TJX Companies with stores in Canada and the United Kingdom, Sport Chek Sport Chek is one of the largest Canadian retailers of sporting clothing, sports equipment and equipment repair, with stores across Canada (excluding Quebec). Its parent company, the Forzani Group Ltd., operates stores under the following corporate and franchise banners: Sport Chek, Sport Mart, National Sports, Athletes World, Sports Experts,, Canadian Tire Canadian Tire Corporation, Limited is one of Canada's 35 largest publicly traded companies and operates an inter-related network of businesses engaged in retailing (hardgoods, apparel and petroleum) and services (financial and automotive). It operates Canadian Tire Retail, Canada's largest and most-shopped general merchandise retailer best known/Mark's Work Wearhouse, Shoppers Drug Mart Shoppers Drug Mart Corporation is Canada's largest pharmacy chain with more than 1,149 stores operating under the names Shoppers Drug Mart in nine provinces and two territories and Pharmaprix in Quebec, and many others.

The indigenous Loblaw Companies Limited Loblaw Companies Limited (LCL) is the largest retailer in Canada, with over 1,400 supermarkets operating under a variety of regional banners, including the namesake Loblaws. LCL is headquartered in a new, 37,000 m2 office tower located in Brampton, Ontario. Loblaw encompasses 1,036 corporate and franchised stores, 376 associate stores and 4,692 has expanded and multiplied its Real Canadian Superstore Real Canadian Superstore is a chain of hypermarkets owned by Canadian food retailing giant Loblaw Companies. Its name is often shortened to RCSS or Superstore (and Maxi & Cie in Quebec) branded outlets to try to fill any genuine big-box market and fend off the damaging competition that a large Wal-Mart penetration would inflict on Canadian-based retailers.

In the early 21st century, commercial developers in Canada chose to build big box stores (often grouped together in so-called "power centres A power centre is an unenclosed shopping centre with 250,000 square feet (23,000 m2) to 750,000 square feet (70,000 m2) of gross leasable area that usually contains three or more big box retailers and various smaller retailers (usually located in strip malls) with a common parking area shared among the retailers. It is likely to have more money") in lieu of traditional shopping malls A shopping mall is one or more buildings forming a complex of shops representing merchandisers, with interconnecting walkways enabling visitors to easily walk from unit to unit, along with a parking area – a modern, indoor version of the traditional marketplace. Examples include Deerfoot Meadows (Calgary), Stonegate (Saskatoon), South Edmonton Common South Edmonton Common is Canada's largest retail power centre, and when fully developed, it will spread over 320 acres and contain some 2,300,000 square feet (214,000 m2) of retail space, making it the largest open-air retail development in North America. It is located in south Edmonton, Alberta at 23 Avenue NW and Gateway Boulevard (Edmonton), and Heartland Town Centre (Mississauga).

There are currently more than 300 power centres A power centre is an unenclosed shopping centre with 250,000 square feet (23,000 m2) to 750,000 square feet (70,000 m2) of gross leasable area that usually contains three or more big box retailers and various smaller retailers (usually located in strip malls) with a common parking area shared among the retailers. It is likely to have more money, which usually contain multiple big-box stores, located throughout Canada.^{[citation needed]}

United States

In the United States ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language, a superstore is usually a type of department store A department store is a retail establishment which specializes in satisfying a wide range of the consumer's personal and residential durable goods product needs; and at the same time offering the consumer a choice multiple merchandise lines, at variable price points, in all product categories. Department stores usually sell products including, equivalent to the European term hypermarket In commerce, a hypermarket is a superstore which combines a supermarket and a department store. The result is a very large retail facility which carries an enormous range of products under one roof, including full lines of groceries and general merchandise. In theory, hypermarkets allow customers to satisfy all their routine weekly shopping needs. However sometimes it refers to specialist category killer retailers.

Usually associated with large chains such as Target Target Corporation, usually known simply as Target, is an American retailing company that was founded in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1902 as the Dayton Dry Goods Company. In 1962, the company opened its first Target store in nearby Roseville. The Target store concept grew and eventually became the largest division of Dayton Hudson Corporation, and Wal-Mart, a superstore sells a wide range of products, from toys and electronics to clothing and groceries and even furniture, sporting goods and automotive supplies. These types of stores advertise "one stop shopping", where customers can stop just once at their store and buy everything they need or want. Most superstores are located on a single level, as opposed to many department stores which are often multi-leveled.

Meijer is generally credited with pioneering the superstore concept in the United States. The first Meijer Superstore opened in Grand Rapids, Michigan in 1962 (In contrast, Wal-Mart didn't open its first Supercenter until 1988).

Superstores should not be confused with warehouse club stores, such as Sam's Club, Costco, and BJ's Wholesale Club. While many superstores are as large as some warehouse stores, superstores do not require the customer to purchase large quantities of items. The superstores provide the bulk breaking that warehouse stores lack.

The term "superstore" is also used for some large specialist retailers, such as Menards which fills the gap of building supplies in other superstores by supplying just those items in their stores. Another example is Best Buy which stocks mostly high technology/electronics items, with occasional house appliances.

New Zealand

The big-box phenomenon hit New Zealand in the late 1980s, with the introduction of Kmart Australia, and later the "Warehouse" superstore, a local company. Mitre 10 New Zealand opened their first Mega in 2004 at Hastings, New Zealand six months before the Australian Mega store, it opened to great success with 20 more stores opening in the year two years. Australian-owned Bunnings Warehouse opened its first store in New Zealand in 2006.

Australia

The first company in Australia to use the big-box model is Bunnings Warehouse. Mitre 10 Australia adopted the model with the "Mitre 10 Mega" stores first opening at Beenleigh, Queensland in 2004. Ikea began operating in Australia in 1975.

Although Australia and New Zealand Big-box hardware markets share the same companies, ie; Mitre 10 and Bunnings, the New Zealand market is dominated by Mitre 10 while the Australian market by Bunnings.

India

India is currently going through a retail revolution with the introduction of Big Bazaar in 2001.

See also

• List of superstores
• Supplier convergence
• Warehouse store
• Hypermarket

References

1. ^ [1]
2. ^ [2]
3. ^ [3]

External links

• Howard, Theresa, "Big-box stores squeeze into Big Apple," USA Today, October 18, 2004
• Big Box Sprawl PDF from the National Trust for Historic Preservation
• bigboxreuse.com [4] Site about how big boxes are reused after retailers abandon them for larger buildings.
• "Big Box Mart" by JibJab
• "Big box retailers versus boutique shops" by TV3 (New Zealand)
• "The Big Box" parody of Big Box stores
• Business Alliance for Local Living Economies (BALLE) for information about solutions to big box sprawl

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